Neoadjuvant treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer—the earlier, the better

Summary Neoadjuvant checkpoint inhibition in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is safe and high major pathologic response (MPR) complete (pCR) rates can be achieved combination with chemotherapy. The Checkmate 816 trial gives evidence that also leads to EFS benefit. This opens new opportunities the curative setting but raises questions: What value of adjuvant treatment inhibitors? Or should we treat our patients peri-operatively? Which biomarkers use for decisions monitoring patients? Targeted therapies neoadjuvant lead promising data overall survival are eagerly awaited.